The True Cost of Living and the Real Price Index

5.1.15

An analysis of the Consumer Price Index (CPI), adjusted for the consumption baskets of different income deciles, reveals an inverse relationship between household income and inflation. In simpler terms, the lower a household's income, the higher its personal cost-of-living index tends to be.

This outcome is largely due to the structure of spending among lower-income households. Basic expenses such as food and housing—which make up a larger share of the consumption basket for lower deciles—have experienced the steepest price increases in recent years. As a result, inflation disproportionately impacts the poor, exacerbating social and economic inequality.